KindChin

organic bed linen

2006-10-29T11:25:00.000-08:00

Livs range of soft luxurious bed linenis sourced ethically from India and using a fair trade policy. Liv also provide duvet cover set and bath towel set.

Amos

2005-04-04T17:22:00.000-07:00

The little that is known about Amos' life has been gleaned from his book, which was, in all likelihood, partly

Indian Museum

2005-04-04T01:29:00.000-07:00

An abortive attempt by western European powers, with United States support, to counterbalance the overwhelming conventional military ascendancy of the Soviet Union in Europe by the formation of a supranational European army. The idea was originally mooted at the Hague Conference of 1948. Influenced by the Korean War, the French politician René Pleven evolved a plan

Eugenikos, Markos

2005-04-02T05:57:00.000-08:00

After a classical and theological education under tutors antagonistic to Rome, Eugenikos at 26 gave his property to the poor and became a monk

Juan De Fuca Strait

2005-03-30T19:18:00.000-08:00

From Cape Flattery and the open Pacific, the strait stretches 80–100 miles (130–160 km) east to join with Haro Strait and touches Whidbey

Nova Scotia

2005-03-30T03:57:00.000-08:00

Canadian province, one of the four British colonies federated into the Dominion of Canada in 1867. It comprises the peninsula of Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island (separated from the mainland to the southwest by the narrow Strait of Canso), and a number of small adjacent islands. The total area is 21,425 square miles (55,490 square kilometres). Along the 17-mile- (27-kilometre-) wide Chignecto

Hawke, Robert

2005-03-28T20:43:00.000-08:00

After graduating from the University of Western Australia with a degree in law, Hawke spent three years at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. He was briefly an economics researcher at the Australian National University in Canberra and in 1958 joined the Australian

Earth

2005-03-28T10:23:00.000-08:00

The mean distance of the Earth from the Sun is approximately 1.5 ´ 108 kilometres. The planet orbits the Sun in a path that is presently more nearly a circle than are the orbits of most other planets. The direction of the Earth's revolution—counterclockwise as viewed down from the north—is in the same sense (direction) as the rotation of the Sun; the Earth's spin, or rotation about

Cynoscephalae

2005-03-28T06:12:00.000-08:00

(Greek: “Dogs' Heads”), ancient range of hills in Thessaly, Greece, 7 miles (11 km) west of modern Vólos. It was the site of the victory (197 BC) that ended the Second Macedonian War when the Romans under Titus Quinctius Flamininus defeated Philip V of Macedon. The combat engaged about 26,000 men on each side. The outcome hung in the balance, each side prevailing on its own right wing, until a detachment

Gujarat, Education

2005-03-27T17:20:00.000-08:00

Primary schools for all children between the ages of 7 and 11 have been opened in nearly all villages with 500 or more inhabitants. Special schools are run for tribal children and for the teaching of arts and crafts. There are many secondary schools, as well as nine universities and a large number of institutions for higher education. Technical education is provided by engineering

Sara

2005-03-26T20:18:00.000-08:00

Cluster of peoples living on the fringe of the southern Sudan, especially in the northwestern regions of the Central African Republic and the south-central area surrounding Sarh, south of Lake Chad in Chad. They include the Gula, Kara, Kreish, Nduka, Ngama, and Sara proper. The Sara peoples all speak Central Sudanic languages of the Nilo-Saharan language family, and their

Interior Design, Floors

2005-03-26T06:44:00.000-08:00

Basically, there are two kinds of floors for interiors: those that are an integral part of the structure and those that are applied after the structure is completed. Interior designers working together with architects have the opportunity to specify flooring such as slate, terrazzo, stone, brick, concrete, or wood, but in most interiors the flooring is designed at

Disc Jockey

2005-03-25T20:20:00.000-08:00

Also spelled disk jockey person who conducts a program of recorded music on radio, on television, or at discotheques or other dance halls. Disc jockey programs became the economic base of many radio stations in the United States after World War II. The format generally involves one person, the disc jockey, introducing and playing phonograph records and chatting informally and usually extemporaneously

Boyer, Paul D.

2005-03-25T01:38:00.000-08:00

In full Paul Delos Boyer American biochemist who, with John E. Walker, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1997 for their explanation of the enzymatic process involved in the production of the energy-storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which fuels the metabolic processes of the cells of all living things. (Danish chemist Jens C. Skou also shared the award for

Canberra

2005-03-24T14:10:00.000-08:00

A small squatters' settlement of stockmen called Canberry, or Canbury (a derivation of an Aboriginal

Voyageurs National Park

2005-03-23T06:14:00.000-08:00

Region of lakes and wilderness in northern Minnesota, U.S. The park lies along the Canadian border, east of International Falls. Authorized in 1971 and established in 1975, it was named for the mostly French Canadian frontiersmen called voyageurs (French: “travelers”), who were involved in fur trading in the area in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The voyageurs used large birch

Ai

2005-03-22T21:16:00.000-08:00

Ancient Canaanite town destroyed by the Israelites under their leader Joshua (Joshua 7–8). Biblical references agree in locating Ai (Hebrew: ha-'Ay, “The Ruin”) just east of Bethel (modern Baytin in the West Bank). This would make it identical with the large early Bronze Age site now called At-Tall. Excavations there in 1933–35 by a French expedition uncovered a large temple and other remains

Xai-xai

2005-03-22T10:27:00.000-08:00

Formerly João Belo, port town, southern Mozambique. Located on the eastern bank of the Limpopo River near its mouth, the town is a market centre for cashew nuts, rice, corn (maize), cassava, and sorghum raised in the surrounding area, which is irrigated by the lower Limpopo irrigation project; dairy cattle also are raised. A light railway system runs inland and provides access to the port, which

Zittel, Karl Alfred, Ritter (knight) Von

2005-03-21T15:38:00.000-08:00

In 1863 Zittel became an assistant to the royal mineral cabinet of Vienna and professor of mineralogy, geognosy, and paleontology at the Karlsruhe Polytechnic. In 1866 he became professor of geology and paleontology at the University

Balakovo

2005-03-20T19:05:00.000-08:00

City, Saratov oblast (province), southwestern Russia, on the left bank of the Volga River. Founded in 1762, it long remained a small agricultural town. Its growth was greatly stimulated by the construction in 1967–70 of the Saratov hydroelectric station on the Volga. Balakovo is also the site of construction of a nuclear power station. A major chemical industry, developed in the 1960s

Montfaucon, Bernard De

2005-03-20T02:05:00.000-08:00

He joined the Benedictine Congregation of Saint-Maur in 1676 and in 1687 was sent to Paris to edit the works of the Church Fathers. His major publications in this field were editions of Athanasius, 3 vol. (1698) and John Chrysostom, 13 vol. (1718–38). As a student of manuscripts

Arabia, History Of, Dedan and Al-Hijr

2005-03-18T08:40:00.000-08:00

It is possible that the Minaean settlement at Dedan (see above) coexisted with a native Dedanite town. But only one “king of Dedan” is recorded. This kingdom seems to have been replaced quite soon by a kingdom of Lihyan (Greek: Lechienoi). The entire area, however, was not long in coming under the rule of the Nabataean kings of a dynasty (centred at Petra) covering the 1st century BC and

Jainism, Jainism and Islam

2005-03-18T08:14:00.000-08:00

Muslim influence on Jainism can be seen in a number of areas. It has been suggested that the concept of ashatanas—activities that are unsuitable or indecent in a temple—reveals a notion of the sanctity of the temple that recalls Muslim barakah (“holiness”) more than any traditional Jain attitude. The most obvious Islamic influence is in the repudiation of image worship

Katipunan

2005-03-18T02:46:00.000-08:00

In full Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang Na Katipunan Nang Manga Anak Nang Bayan (“Supreme Worshipful Association of the Sons of the People”), Filipino nationalist organization founded in 1892 to oppose Spanish rule. The organization numbered anywhere from 100,000 to 400,000 members. The Filipino nationalist Emilio Aguinaldo was the leader of this group, which successfully fought the Spanish. Most of the members were Tagalogs.

Hsin-yang

2005-03-16T22:07:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Xinyang city in southern Honan sheng (province), China. Hsin-yang is in the very south of the Honan plain, in the basin between the Ta-pieh Mountains and the Huai River. It has traditionally been on a cultural divide between the plain and the hilly districts to the south. It was also a natural route centre on the Shih River, a tributary of the Huai. The Shih has become passable for relatively

Water Hemlock

2005-03-16T20:11:00.000-08:00

Any of about 10 species of poisonous plants of the genus Cicuta, in the parsley family (Apiaceae), common throughout the North Temperate Zone. In Europe, Cicuta virosa is the commonly known species. It is a tall perennial herb that grows in marshy areas and is deadly poisonous. The water hemlock best known in North America is C. maculata, also known as cowbane, musquash

Dagobert Iii

2005-03-16T04:30:00.000-08:00

Merovingian Frankish king who succeeded his father, Childebert III, in 711. For most of his reign the boy was dominated by Pippin II of Herstal, the Austrasian mayor of the palace.

France, History Of, The conversion of Clovis

2005-03-16T01:15:00.000-08:00

Clovis came to believe that his victory at Tolbiacum in 496 was due to the help of the Christian God, whom his wife Clotilda had been encouraging him to accept. With the support of Bishop Remigius of Reims, a leader of the Gallo-Roman aristocracy, Clovis converted with some 3,000 of his army. Clovis' conversion assured the Frankish king of the support not only of the ecclesiastical

San Clemente

2005-03-15T23:02:00.000-08:00

City, Orange county, southern California, U.S. It lies along the Pacific Ocean, midway between San Diego and Los Angeles. Founded in 1925 as a real-estate development, the site was named for offshore San Clemente Island, which was named by the Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno to honour St. Clement. Chiefly residential, the city gained national prominence in 1969 when President

France, History Of, Agricultural patterns

2005-03-14T18:09:00.000-08:00

In its basic organization, French agriculture continued in its age-old patterns. This contrasted starkly with England, where new agricultural techniques as well as major changes in the control of land—convertible husbandry (a progressive form of land use that did away with the wasteful fallowing of land every two or three years) and the enclosure movement (which

Mental Disorder, Major affective disorders

2005-03-14T16:07:00.000-08:00

The DSM-III defines two major, or severe, affective disorders: bipolar disorder and major depression. A person with bipolar disorder, which has traditionally been called manic-depressive psychosis, typically experiences discrete episodes of depression and then of mania lasting for a few weeks or months, with intervening periods of complete normality. The sequence

Philip I

2005-03-14T01:40:00.000-08:00

Son of Philip of Burgundy, he inherited the duchy upon the death of his grandfather, Eudes IV, and inherited the countships upon the death of his grandmother, Joan of France. His mother, Joan of Boulogne, who subsequently married the king of France, John II, ruled Philip's

Philip I

2005-03-13T17:51:00.000-08:00

Interleukins are a subset of a larger group of cellular messenger molecules called cytokines, which are modulators

Roundelay

2005-03-13T17:25:00.000-08:00

A poem with a refrain that recurs frequently or at fixed intervals, as in a rondel. The term is also loosely used to refer to any of the fixed forms of poetry (such as the rondeau, the rondel, and the roundel) that use refrains extensively.

Paulo Afonso Falls

2005-03-13T05:25:00.000-08:00

Portuguese Cachoeira De Paulo Afonso, series of rapids and three cataracts in northeastern Brazil on the São Francisco River along the Bahia-Alagoas border. Lying 190 miles (305 km) from the river's mouth, the falls have a total height of 275 feet (84 m) and a width of less than 60 feet (18 m). With an average water discharge of 100,000 cubic feet (3,000 cubic m) per second, the falls are the site of a large hydroelectric station.

Aeschylus

2005-03-12T17:54:00.000-08:00

The date of this play (and even its authorship) is disputed, but many scholars regard it as a work of Aeschylus' last years. In Prometheus Bound (Greek Prometheus desmotes) the god Prometheus, who in defiance of Zeus has saved mankind and given them fire, is chained to a remote crag as a punishment ordered by the king of the gods. Despite his isolation Prometheus is visited by

Augustine, Saint

2005-03-11T19:40:00.000-08:00

In many ways no less unusual a book than his Confessions, the Retractationes (426–427; Reconsiderations), written in the last years of his life, offers a retrospective rereading of Augustine's career. In form, the book is a catalog of his writings with comments on the circumstances of their composition and with the retractions or rectifications he would make in hindsight. (One

Cachet, Lettre De

2005-03-11T06:34:00.000-08:00

(French: “letter of the sign [or signet]”), a letter signed by the king and countersigned by a secretary of state and used primarily to authorize someone's imprisonment. It was an important instrument of administration under the ancien régime in France. Lettres de cachet were abused to such an extent during the 17th and 18th centuries that numerous complaints on the subject

Raín, Alois

2005-03-10T13:21:00.000-08:00

A leader of the Czech revolutionary organization Omladina, Rašín was arrested and imprisoned for conspiring against the Austrian authorities after nationalistic rioting

Therapeutics, Diarrhea

2005-03-10T02:59:00.000-08:00

Acute diarrhea can result from food poisoning, laxatives, alcohol, and some antacids but usually is caused by an acute infection with bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus. In infants, acute diarrhea is usually self-limiting, and treatment consists primarily of preventing dehydration. Traveler's diarrhea affects up to half of

Spring

2005-03-09T08:19:00.000-08:00

In hydrology, opening at or near the surface of the Earth for the discharge of water from underground sources. A spring is a natural discharge point of subterranean water at the surface of the ground or directly into the bed of a stream, lake, or sea. Water that emerges at the surface without a perceptible current is called a seep. Wells are holes excavated to bring water

Indiana

2005-03-09T00:06:00.000-08:00

Constituent state of the United States of America. The state sits, as its motto claims, at “the crossroads of America.” It borders Lake Michigan and the state of Michigan on the north, Ohio on the east, Kentucky on the south, and Illinois on the west, making it an integral part of the Midwest. Indiana's 36,185 square miles (93,720 square kilometres) also make it, except for Hawaii, the smallest

Kunlun Mountains, Physiography

2005-03-08T16:35:00.000-08:00

Throughout much of their alignment, the Kunluns comprise two or three parallel ridges rather than a single crest. This is especially true in the western reaches. At the Sarykol Range where the Kunluns forge out from the Pamirs, a short spur to the north called the Aghil Mountains actually has some of the highest summits, Mount Kung-ko-erh (Kongur), at 25,324 feet (7,719 metres), as well

Low-temperature Phenomena, Specific heat and thermal conductivity

2005-03-08T04:31:00.000-08:00

When a small amount of heat is put into a system, some of the energy is used to increase the lattice vibrations (an amount that is the

Delos

2005-03-07T19:45:00.000-08:00

Since 1873 the École

Alba

2005-03-06T10:17:00.000-08:00

The kingdom formed by the union of the Picts and Scots under Kenneth I MacAlpin in 843. Their territory, ranging from modern Argyll and Bute to Caithness, across much of southern and central Scotland, was one of the few areas in the British Isles to withstand the invasions of the Vikings. The ancient link with Ireland (from which the Celtic Scots had emigrated) was broken

Bradley, Omar N(elson)

2005-03-06T04:33:00.000-08:00

Bradley graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y., in 1915. He served as commandant of the Infantry School, Fort Benning, Ga.,

China, Social, political, and cultural changes

2005-03-06T01:29:00.000-08:00

The years from the 8th century BC to 221 BC witnessed the painful birth of a unified China. It was a period of bloody wars and also of far-reaching changes in politics, society, and intellectual outlook.

Jordan, Plant and animal life

2005-03-05T14:03:00.000-08:00

The plant and animal life of Jordan falls into three distinct types: Mediterranean, steppe (treeless plains), and desert. In the uplands the Mediterranean type predominates with scrubby, dense bushes and small trees, while in the drier steppe region to the east sagebrush is most frequent. Grassland is the prevalent vegetation on the steppe, but isolated trees and shrubs,

Francia

2005-03-05T08:51:00.000-08:00

Original name Francesco Di Marco Di Giacomo Raibolini Italian Renaissance artist and the major Bolognese painter of the late 15th century. He was much influenced by such Ferrarese painters as Lorenzo Costa, Francesco del Cossa, and Ercole de' Roberti, but his later works clearly show the influence of the Umbrians, Perugino, and Raphael. Francia's mature style is seen in such works as his “Assumption

Dzerzhinsk

2005-03-05T03:43:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Dzerzinsk, formerly (until 1929) Rastyapino city, Nizhegorod oblast (province), western Russia. Dzerzhinsk lies along the Oka River upstream from its confluence with the Volga River at Nizhny Novgorod. Part of the Nizhny Novgorod metropolitan area, Dzerzhinsk and its satellite towns stretch for 15 miles (24 km) along the Oka. The city is 32 miles (51 km) west of Nizhny Novgorod and 240 miles (390 km) east of Moscow. It was renamed in 1929 in

Lace

2005-03-04T23:14:00.000-08:00

Ornamental, openwork fabric formed by looping, interlacing, braiding (plaiting), or twisting threads. The dividing line between lace and embroidery, which is an ornamentation added to an already completed fabric, is not easy to draw; a number of laces, such as Limerick and filet lace, can be called forms of embroidery upon a more or less open fabric. On the other hand, fancy

Madiun

2005-03-02T20:02:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Madioen kotamadya (municipality) and kabupaten (regency) in Jawa Timur provinsi (“province”), eastern Java, Indonesia. The city lies on the east bank of the Madiun River. The population is mostly Indonesian and Chinese. The city was the scene of a short-lived communist rebellion, the so-called Madiun Affair, in 1948, and it maintains a site at which hundreds of soldiers killed in the Indonesian

Hou T'u

2005-03-02T10:26:00.000-08:00

At various times and in various

Anouk Aimée

2005-03-02T09:35:00.000-08:00

The daughter of an actor and actress, Anouk Aimée made her first film appearance at the age of 14 in La Maison sous la mer (1946; “The House on the Sea”). After making an impression as a Juliet figure in the 1948 film Les Amants de Vérone (The Lovers of Verona), a role written especially for

Lear

2005-03-01T22:55:00.000-08:00

Legendary British king and central character of William Shakespeare's King Lear. One of the most moving of Shakespeare's tragic figures, Lear grows in self-awareness as he diminishes in authority and loses his illusions. Lear at the outset presents the very picture of foolish egotism and is tricked out of what he has expected to be a carefree retirement by his own

Sabin, Albert Bruce

2005-03-01T06:00:00.000-08:00

Sabin immigrated with his parents to the United States in 1921 and became an American citizen nine

Mussato, Albertino

2005-02-28T20:18:00.000-08:00

Mussato earned his living as a copyist while studying for the profession of notary. He was knighted in 1296 and, after becoming a member of the Council of Padua, was sent in 1302 as ambassador to Pope Boniface VIII. In 1311 he

Martyr

2005-02-28T11:21:00.000-08:00

The universality of persecution throughout its history has engendered in Judaism an explicit ideal of martyrdom. It begins with Abraham, who according to legend was cast into a lime kiln and saved from the fire by divine grace. The tradition was continued by Isaac, who consented to be sacrificed by his father, and by Daniel, whose example compelled the popular imagination.

Alaska, The people

2005-02-27T23:33:00.000-08:00

Long before Bering's voyages the Tlingit Indians lived in the southern and southeastern coastal area; the Aleuts on the

Bunner, Henry Cuyler

2005-02-26T17:21:00.000-08:00

Educated in New York City, Bunner served on the staff of the Arcadian, at 22 becoming assistant editor and later editor of Puck until his death. He developed Puck from a new, struggling comic weekly into a powerful social and political

Catastasis

2005-02-26T15:54:00.000-08:00

Plural catastases the dramatic complication that immediately precedes the climax of a play or that occurs during the climax of a play. Compare catastrophe.

Black Riveran Stage

2005-02-26T04:00:00.000-08:00

Division of Ordovician time in North America (the Ordovician Period began about 500,000,000 years ago and lasted about 70,000,000 years); the Black Riveran precedes the Trentonian Stage and follows the Chazyan Stage of the Champlainian Series. The type area for the Black Riveran is to be found in the exposures in the cliffs along the Black River of New York. Black Riveran rocks consist largely

Beta Decay

2005-02-25T23:59:00.000-08:00

Any of three processes of radioactive disintegration by which some unstable atomic nuclei spontaneously dissipate excess energy and undergo a change of one unit of positive charge without any change in mass number. The three processes are called electron emission, positron (positive electron) emission, and electron capture. Beta decay was named (1899) by Ernest Rutherford

Arévalo Martínez, Rafael

2005-02-24T13:30:00.000-08:00

Arévalo Martínez was director of the Guatemalan National Library from 1926 until 1946, when

Topographic Map

2005-02-24T09:12:00.000-08:00

Cartographic representation of the Earth's surface at a level of detail or scale intermediate between that of a plan (small area) and a chorographic (large regional) map. Within the limits of scale, it shows as accurately as possible the location and shape of both natural and man-made features. Natural features include relief, which is sometimes mistakenly understood

Furniture, Holland: 17th century

2005-02-24T01:02:00.000-08:00

A low, square, upholstered type of chair can be seen in engravings of interiors of affluent Dutch homes by Abraham Bosse, a French artist, and in paintings by the Dutch artists Johannes Vermeer and Gerard Terborch. Although this kind of chair is also found in countries where Dutch styles of interior decoration and Dutch furniture won favour, it is not certain that the

Cart

2005-02-22T15:15:00.000-08:00

Two-wheeled vehicle drawn by a draft animal, used throughout recorded history by numerous societies for the transportation of freight, agricultural produce, refuse, and people. The cart, usually drawn by a single animal, is known to have been in use by the Greeks and the Assyrians by 1800 BC (although it is generally assumed that such vehicles could have been used as early as

Roubaix

2005-02-22T14:17:00.000-08:00

Industrial town, Nord département, Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, northern France, just northeast of Lille. It is situated on the Canal de Roubaix in the plain of Flanders near the Belgian frontier and is united in the north with Tourcoing. Roubaix obtained its first manufacturing charter in the 15th century. After a long struggle in the second half of the 18th century, it obtained

Balabac

2005-02-22T09:36:00.000-08:00

Island, extreme southwestern Philippines. It is located about 19 miles (30 km) southwest of the southern tip of Palawan island, and hardly twice that north of Borneo. Balabac rises to an elevation of about 1,890 feet (576 metres) and has swamps on its northwestern coast. There are coral reefs off its western coast, and the island is particularly noted for its rare glory-of-the-seas cone

Wilhelmina

2005-02-22T06:53:00.000-08:00

She shared the unhappy childhood of her brother, whose friend and confidante she remained most of her life. She married Frederick, hereditary prince of Bayreuth, in 1731; when he became margrave in 1735, the pair set about making Bayreuth a miniature Versailles.

Plowright, Joan

2005-02-21T16:24:00.000-08:00

Plowright received her dramatic training at the Laban Art of Movement Studio in Manchester and at the Old Vic Theatre School in London. She made her first appearances on stage in 1951, played with an Old Vic touring company in South Africa in 1952, and made her debut in London in The Duenna in 1954. She continued

Nagai Kafu

2005-02-21T11:57:00.000-08:00

Rebellious as a youth, Kafu failed to finish his university studies and was sent abroad from 1903 to 1908. Before he left, he had produced three novels, which were influenced by French naturalism. After he returned to Japan he continued to be a student and translator

Colophon

2005-02-20T20:34:00.000-08:00

Ancient Ionian Greek city, located about 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Ephesus, in modern Turkey. It was a flourishing commercial city from the 8th to the 5th century BC with its harbour at Notium. Colophon was ruled by a timocracy (government based on wealth) and was famous for its cavalry, its luxury, and its production of rosin (colophonium). It was the birthplace of the philosopher

Literature

2005-02-20T10:22:00.000-08:00

The Turkish literary field proved fertile in 2001. Many impressive works of fiction with wide-ranging themes and topics appeared, including Ahmet Altan's Isyan günlerinde ask (“Love in Days of Rebellion”), about an early 20th-century fundamentalist uprising; Buket Uzuner's Uzun beyaz bulut—Gelibolu (“Tall White Cloud—Gallipoli”); Ayla Kutlu's Zehir zikkim hikâyeler (“Bitter

Tafsir

2005-02-18T11:43:00.000-08:00

The science of explanation of the Qur'an, the sacred scripture of Islam, or of Qur'anic commentary. So long as Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, was alive, no other authority for interpretations of the Qur'anic revelations was recognized by Muslims. Upon his death, however, commentaries were needed because the text, when it achieved written form, lacked historical sequence in the

Conduit

2005-02-18T10:20:00.000-08:00

In water-supply systems the term is usually reserved for covered or closed sections of aqueduct, especially those that transport water under pressure. Large conduits may be fabricated of steel sections joined in the field or of reinforced

Nabu-rimanni

2005-02-18T07:11:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Naburianos, Naburiannuos, Naburiannu, or Naburimannu the earliest Babylonian astronomer known by name, who devised the so-called System A, a group of ephemerides, or tables, giving the positions of the Moon, Sun, and planets at any given moment. Based on centuries of observation, these tables were nonetheless somewhat crude and were superseded about a century later by Kidinnu's System B, a refined mathematical

Mesopotamia, History Of, The last kings of Babylonia

2005-02-18T00:54:00.000-08:00

Awil-Marduk (called Evil-Merodach in the Old Testament; 561–560), the son of Nebuchadrezzar, was unable to win the support of the priests of Marduk. His reign did not last long, and he was soon eliminated. His brother-in-law and successor, Nergal-shar-usur (called Neriglissar in classical sources; 559–556), was a general who undertook a campaign in 557 into the “rough” Cilician land, which may have

Balder

2005-02-17T21:26:00.000-08:00

Old Norse Baldr in Norse mythology, the son of the chief god Odin and his wife Frigg. Beautiful and just, he was the favourite of the gods. Most legends about him concern his death. Icelandic stories tell how the gods amused themselves by throwing objects at him, knowing that he was immune from harm. The blind god Höd, deceived by the evil Loki, killed Balder by hurling mistletoe, the only

X-ray Source

2005-02-17T14:13:00.000-08:00

Advances in instrumentation and improved observational techniques have

Tasmania, Self-government and Federation

2005-02-16T23:20:00.000-08:00

Once the importation and exploitation of convicts had ended, the way opened for the grant of colonial self-government in 1855–56. Tasmania became the colony's official name, a portent of a happier age. Yet penalism had given the island an economic undergirding and historical import that have never been matched. Post-1860 Tasmania continued to be shadowed by its Vandiemonian

Czetwertynski Family

2005-02-16T11:15:00.000-08:00

Also called Swietopelk-Czetwertynski Polish princely family descended from the Kievan grand prince Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich (d. 1113) of the house of Rurik. Among its prominent members was Antoni Czetwertynski (1748–94), the castellan of Przemysl and last leader of the pro-Russian Confederation of Targowica that opposed the Polish constitution of 1791; he was finally hanged as a traitor to Poland during Tadeusz Kosciuszko's

Petralona Skull

2005-02-15T03:27:00.000-08:00

The skull has a large brow and a slanting forehead, and, from the structure of the face, the jaw is estimated to have been larger

Computers, The Atanasoff-Berry Computer

2005-02-14T21:29:00.000-08:00

It was generally believed that the first electronic digital computers were the Colossus, built in England in 1943, and the ENIAC, built in the United States in 1945. However, the first special-purpose electronic computer may actually have been invented by John Vincent Atanasoff, a physicist and mathematician at Iowa State College (now Iowa State University), during 1937–42. (Atanasoff

Salesian

2005-02-14T02:03:00.000-08:00

The founder of the Salesians of Don Bosco (formally, the Society of St. Francis de Sales; S.D.B.) was St. John Bosco (Don Bosco), a young priest who focused his concern on the orphaned and homeless child labourers

Fénelon, François De Salignac De La Mothe-

2005-02-13T23:45:00.000-08:00

French archbishop, theologian, and man of letters whose liberal views on politics and education and whose involvement in a controversy over the nature of mystical prayer caused concerted opposition from church and state. His pedagogical concepts and literary works, nevertheless, exerted a lasting influence on

Pacorus Ii

2005-02-13T04:18:00.000-08:00

In 110 Pacorus sold the Parthian client kingdom of Osroëne to Abgar VII, son of Izates, ruler of Adiabene. It is uncertain whether Pacorus was alive when the Roman emperor Trajan invaded

Paleo-siberian Languages

2005-02-12T05:20:00.000-08:00

Paleo-Siberian also spelled Paleosiberian , also called Paleo-Asiatic languages or Hyperborean languages languages spoken in Asian Russia (Siberia) that belong to four genetically unrelated groups—Yeniseian, Luorawetlan, Yukaghir, and Nivkh.

Murnau, F.w.

2005-02-12T02:13:00.000-08:00

Murnau studied philosophy, art history, and literature at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin. In 1908 he joined the company of renowned

Interior Design, Special types of interiors

2005-02-11T15:01:00.000-08:00

Michael Saphier, Office Planning and Design (1968), a clear overview of the field of business and office interiors; Betty Alswang and Ambur Hiken, The Personal House (1961), a photographic collection of very personal interiors primarily designed by the artist-occupants, rather than professional interior designers. The photographs and comments contained in the following works make them significant sources for the study and understanding of special interiors: William Wilson Atkin and Joan Adler, Interiors Book of Restaurants (1960); Henry End, Interiors Book of Hotels and Motor Hotels (1963); John F. Pile, Interiors Second Book of Offices (1969); Morris Ketchum, Shops and Stores, rev. ed. (1957); George Nelson (ed.), Living Spaces (1952); Mary Gilliatt and Michael Boys, English Style in Interior Decoration (1967).

Table Tennis

2005-02-10T18:50:00.000-08:00

Invented in England in the early days of the 20th century, the game was originally called Ping-Pong, a trade name. The name table tennis was adopted in 1921–22 when the old Ping-Pong Association formed in 1902 was revived. The original association had broken up about 1905, though apparently the game continued to be played in parts of England outside London and by the 1920s was being played in

Radio Direction Finder

2005-02-10T03:27:00.000-08:00

The antenna, usually a loop antenna, rotates and pinpoints the direction from which a

Madi

2005-02-10T00:50:00.000-08:00

Primarily hoe cultivators with millet as their staple crop, the Madi also fish, hunt, and keep cattle; smithing is an important

Bayinnaung

2005-02-09T18:28:00.000-08:00

In 1550 a revolt broke out among the Mons of southern Myanmar, and Bayinnaung's brother-in-law, Tabinshwehti, was assassinated at Pegu in 1551 by a Mon prince. Bayinnaung

Water Beetle

2005-02-08T19:03:00.000-08:00

Any of several thousand species of aquatic beetles (order Coleoptera), including members of the families Haliplidae (crawling water beetles), Amphizoidae (trout-stream beetles), Hygrobiidae (screech beetles), Gyrinidae (whirligig beetles), Noteridae (burrowing water beetles), Hydrophilidae (water scavenger beetles), Dryopidae (long-toed water beetles), and Dytiscidae

Peru-chile Trench

2005-02-08T09:26:00.000-08:00

The Peru-Chile Trench marks the subduction of the Nazca Plate under the South American Plate

Kyoga Lake

2005-02-08T02:26:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Kioga Lake, lake in central Uganda, East Africa, north of Lake Victoria, formed by the Victoria Nile in its middle course. The many-armed lake is shallow, with swampy, papyrus-reeded shores; masses of papyrus are broken loose by strong winds and sometimes have completely blocked the river. Navigation for shallow-draft vessels is possible between Namasagali and Masindi Port. The

Dietary Law

2005-02-07T09:49:00.000-08:00

This article surveys the variety of laws and customs pertaining to food materials and the art of eating in human societies from earliest times to the present. It

Kermes

2005-02-07T02:58:00.000-08:00

Either the scale insect (Kermes ilicis) or the bright-red dye obtained from the dried bodies of these insects. The dye was often part of the tribute paid to conquering Roman armies, and, in the Middle Ages, landlords accepted it as payment for rent. The oldest known red dyestuff, resembling but inferior to cochineal, it was used by the early Egyptians.

KindChin

organic bed linen

Amos

Indian Museum

Eugenikos, Markos

Juan De Fuca Strait

Nova Scotia

Hawke, Robert

Earth

Cynoscephalae

Gujarat, Education

Sara

Interior Design, Floors

Disc Jockey

Boyer, Paul D.

Canberra

Voyageurs National Park

Ai

Xai-xai

Zittel, Karl Alfred, Ritter (knight) Von

Balakovo

Montfaucon, Bernard De

Arabia, History Of, Dedan and Al-Hijr

Jainism, Jainism and Islam

Katipunan

Hsin-yang

Water Hemlock

Dagobert Iii

France, History Of, The conversion of Clovis

San Clemente

France, History Of, Agricultural patterns

Mental Disorder, Major affective disorders

Philip I

Philip I

Roundelay

Paulo Afonso Falls

Aeschylus

Augustine, Saint

Cachet, Lettre De

Raín, Alois

Therapeutics, Diarrhea

Spring

Indiana

Kunlun Mountains, Physiography

Low-temperature Phenomena, Specific heat and thermal conductivity

Delos

Alba

Bradley, Omar N(elson)

China, Social, political, and cultural changes

Jordan, Plant and animal life

Francia

Dzerzhinsk

Lace

Madiun

Hou T'u

Anouk Aimée

Lear

Sabin, Albert Bruce

Mussato, Albertino

Martyr

Alaska, The people

Bunner, Henry Cuyler

Catastasis

Black Riveran Stage

Beta Decay

Arévalo Martínez, Rafael

Topographic Map

Furniture, Holland: 17th century

Cart

Roubaix

Balabac

Wilhelmina

Plowright, Joan

Nagai Kafu

Colophon

Literature

Tafsir

Conduit

Nabu-rimanni

Mesopotamia, History Of, The last kings of Babylonia

Raín, Alois